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 The impacts of soil waste issues extend beyond ecological systems and directly threaten public health in nearby communities. Residents living close to the landfill are chronically exposed to foul odors, pest infestations, air pollution, and contaminated surface water and **[[08|groundwater]]**, increasing the risk of respiratory, dermatological, gastrointestinal, and visual health problems (World Bank, 2010). This highlights the close relationship between soil waste management, environmental justice, and urban health.
-Overall, Bogotá’s soil waste challenges reflect the limitations of excessive reliance on landfill-based disposal systems in rapidly expanding cities. The inability to effectively recover and reuse pollutants, combined with poorly managed waste accumulation, exacerbates environmental degradation and ultimately threatens the quality of life of local residents.
+Bogotá’s soil waste challenges reflect the limitations of excessive reliance on landfill-based disposal systems in rapidly expanding cities. The inability to effectively recover and reuse pollutants, combined with poorly managed waste accumulation, exacerbates environmental degradation and ultimately threatens the quality of life of local residents.
 Reference：
 MDPI (2023) ‘Environmental impacts of landfill leachate on soil and groundwater systems’, Sustainability, 15(4), pp. 1–18. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com
- (Accessed: 11 January 2026).
 World Bank (2010) Colombia: Urban Solid Waste Management and Environmental Sustainability. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org
- (Accessed: 11 January 2026).
 Wikipedia (2024) Doña Juana Landfill. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Juana_Landfill
- (Accessed: 11 January 2026).