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| ====== Paramo de Sumapaz ====== | ====== Paramo de Sumapaz ====== |
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| The Paramo de Sumapaz is a biodiverse grassland-peatland ecosystem at high altitude in the [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense mountain range]]. The Páramo experiences low intensity [[rainfall]] and frequent [[fog]], which the vegetation (including particularly representative species, [[sphagnum moss]], [[tussock grass]], and [[freilajones]]) captures and stores. | The Paramo de Sumapaz is a biodiverse grassland-peatland ecosystem at high altitude in the [[02|Altiplano Cundiboyacense mountain range]]. The Páramo experiences low intensity [[21|rainfall]] and frequent [[05|fog]], which the vegetation (including particularly representative species, [[28|sphagnum moss]], [[35|tussock grass]], and [[07|freilajones]]) captures and stores. |
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| [[Soil]] moisture is also kept high by the hydraulic connectivity of the soil and acts as a key regulator of surface runoff production. At the foot of the hillslopes and the bottom of valleys, organic rich soils and cushion plants maintain saturated conditions. On [[hillslopes]], freely draining soils and [[tussock grass]] conduce lateral flow and connectivity with the [[channel network]], as well as both deep soil horizons and shallow [[groundwater]] which drain via riparian areas into streams. | [[26|Soil]] moisture is also kept high by the hydraulic connectivity of the soil and acts as a key regulator of surface runoff production. At the foot of the hillslopes and the bottom of valleys, organic rich soils and cushion plants maintain saturated conditions. On hillslopes, freely draining [[26|soils]] and [[35|tussock grass]] conduce lateral flow and connectivity with the [[31|channel network]], as well as both deep soil horizons and shallow [[08|groundwater]] which drain via riparian areas into streams. |
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| [BRIEF EXPL. JOURNEY OF WATER FROM STREAMS TO RIOS EN BOGOTA] | [BRIEF EXPL. JOURNEY OF WATER FROM STREAMS TO RIOS EN BOGOTA] |
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| Densely populated [[Bogotá]] depends on the shallow subsurface and [[surface water]] of the Páramo as a main source for human consumption, industrial uses and [[hydropower generation]], using the high altitude of the Páramo and gravity to work as a ‘natural water tower’. The land is used for livelihood, wellbeing, and holds immense spiritual significance, however intensive [[livestock]] grazing, [[cultivation]] and forest plantations including anthropic introduction of [[fire]], have negatively affected the water availability and quality, and biodiversity. These factors have increased [[soil]] density and reduced [[soil]] porosity, resulting in increased evaporation, reduced hydrological regulation capacity and subsequent reduced yield. The functional mechanisms of the Páramo are not fully understood and they remain distinctly under researched, leading to sustainability interventions which have been ineffective or detrimental. Citizen science and participatory monitoring has been found to be an effective tool for generating locally relevant knowledge on the function, use, degradation and management of the Páramo, as well as remote sensing. | Densely populated Bogotá depends on the shallow subsurface and [[31|surface water]] of the Páramo as a main source for human consumption, industrial uses and hydropower generation, using the high altitude of the Páramo and gravity to work as a ‘natural water tower’ [CITE]. The land is used for livelihood, wellbeing, and holds immense spiritual significance, however intensive [[livestock]] grazing, [[cultivation]] and forest plantations including anthropic introduction of [[fire]], have negatively affected the water availability and quality, and biodiversity. These factors have increased [[26|soil]] density and reduced [[26|soil]] porosity, resulting in increased evaporation, reduced hydrological regulation capacity and subsequent reduced yield. The functional mechanisms of the Páramo are not fully understood and they remain distinctly under researched, leading to sustainability interventions which have been ineffective or detrimental. Citizen science and participatory monitoring has been found to be an effective tool for generating locally relevant knowledge on the function, use, degradation and management of the Páramo (Condensan, 2012), as well as remote sensing [CITE]. |
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| CONNECTIONS | CONNECTIONS |
| Ulloa, A. (2017) //‘Perspectives of environmental justice from Indigenous peoples of Latin America: a relational Indigenous environmental justice’//, Environmental Justice, 10(6), pp. 175–180. doi: 10.1089/env.2017.0017. Available at: [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320092634_Ulloa-A-_2017-Perspectives_of_Environmental_Justice_from_Indigenous_Peoples_of_Latin_America_A_Relational_Indigenous_Environmental_Justice]] | Ulloa, A. (2017) //‘Perspectives of environmental justice from Indigenous peoples of Latin America: a relational Indigenous environmental justice’//, Environmental Justice, 10(6), pp. 175–180. doi: 10.1089/env.2017.0017. Available at: [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320092634_Ulloa-A-_2017-Perspectives_of_Environmental_Justice_from_Indigenous_Peoples_of_Latin_America_A_Relational_Indigenous_Environmental_Justice]] |
| (Accessed: 20 November 2025). | (Accessed: 20 November 2025). |
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